Emergency Need Assessment Focus Group Discussion;
Focus Group Discussions (FGD) Objectives:
On 15 Aug 2021, the Republic government of Afghanistan was collapsed by the Taliban. Imarat captured all Afghanistan people face some challenges due to different reasons which CAWC found during the assessment, so CAWC is a humanitarian organization that works with poor people in the remote areas, was the voice of people for more than 30 years in Afghanistan in this regime also as humanitarian organization conducted a focus group discussion with male and female in three province of Afghanistan with the community member to know the situation of citizens that impacted of Co-19, drought, and war recently. CAWC focused on the below main points to cover during the assessment.
- Negative impacts of Co-19, War, and droughts
- Does people receive any assistance 15 Aug-Nov 2021?
- Physical access of people to the market
- Does people have Enough food for the next 3 months?
- Access to Enough Drinking water
- priorities for the needs of a household in the communities
- Geographic information
Location and Method of FGD:
CAWC selected randomly 12 villages for the purpose of FGD to represent other communities that share a similar situation. A total of 24 FGD was conducted (12 Male 12 Females), the number of participants was 6-12 people in each session. The assessment was conducted 5-11 Nov 2021 in Maidan Wardak, Samangan, and Daikundi by existing expert staff of CAWC in the regional offices. In each village conducted one male and one female focus group discussion to know they’re both opinions affected recently in the communities below table shows the locations and number of FGD.
| Provinces | District | Shurah | Number of Male FGD | Number of Female FGD |
| Maidan Wardak | Hisa Awal | Qala-e- Choqor, Qala-e- Said, Gardan Diwar and Dahan Oba Said | 4 | 4 |
| Samangan | Feruz Nakhjir | Rahmat Abad, Zizila Abad, Qazali, Kolabolaq Baen | 4 | 4 |
| Daikundi | Kity | Babullah Village, Bolagh Saidan, Royan Ulya, Alamtu | 4 | 4 |
What Impacted Negatively:
According to the focus group discussions, CAWC Analysis qualitative data and found the below negative affected in the past 3 months (13 Aug-Nov 2021) happened in the household of communities
|
Male |
Female |
| · Co-19:
o People become sick and die it has the cost for the treatment and ceremony. o Most people become jobless, trading stops, there is no laboring and income, because of quarantine. · Drought o water sources become dry (e.g spring and rivers) it had a negative impact on agriculture and drinking water o Decrease of agriculture productions due to drought. · Collapse of Government o Most of the people lose their jobs o People become Confusion didn’t know what to do · Increase price of food item people didn’t have enough food if have the quality is very low are not able to purchase foods. · Increase poverty employee lose their jobs, saving. · dry of pastures land o Decrease livestock o lack of grass, for the animal for grazing o Animal diseases increase. · Less interest of Students to go to Schools · NGOs stop their activities · Increase jobless · Shelter of people is damaged during the war |
· Drought
o dry of water source like agriculture, drinking water o women head of HH affected more o child become diarrhea o collecting water is hard for women especially for elders and pregnant women. · collapse of Government o Lose of job o Confusion, women, young girls, and students didn’t know what to do in the future how to deal with life. o Women losing their job have a bad effect on heads of HH who are women · Increase of food items price, households use low-quality food, child and elders become malnutrition · dry of pastures land o Decrease livestock, household produce very fewer diaries o No grass for animal, disease increase animals become thin o Women are busy more with animals it has bad effects, especially on pregnant women.
|
Dose people received any assistance in the past three months (13 Aug-11 Nov):
- In Maidan Wardak and Diakundi People didn’t’ receive assistance in the past 3 months
- In Samangan received very less in each village about 10-15 household flour. From WFP
Physical Access to the Market:
CAWC wants to know about their access to the market to purchase the household needs and wants to know from what transport people use. It helps organizations which method is appropriate to transfer their assistance in an efficient way.
| Male | Female |
| Maidan Wardak and Daikundi: people responded yes, they have access to a small market but it’s limited
o during the summer people Use from the donkey, motorbike joint o during the winter: people go to market by foot and transfer the materials Samangan: use from taxi join for transportation and have access to the market. |
Maidan Wardak and Daikundi: yes, we have access to the market but it’s very hard for those women who are heads of household to provide their basic needs because it’s very far and unavailability of transportation.
|
Food availability:
The purpose was to know Does the household in the community had enough food or money to meet the household’s essential needs for the next 3 months? So the table shows the analyzed respond to discussions.
| Male | Female |
| During the discussions, people respond No, we didn’t have enough food due to
· Most of the people are poor · decrees agricultural crops because of drought · Drought affected on agricultural crops, livestock people had very less income · Food items price is very high in the market people are not able to purchase enough food if able the quality of food is low just to avoid from hungry to be alive. · Employee becomes Jobless so there is no income. · people lose their economy |
No, those women are heads of household it’s very hard for them to provide food due too
· Drought · High price of food in the market · Jobless · Lose of the economy of people · No, most of the people didn’t have access to enough food, because of that immigrated to other cities or outside the country |
The household mechanism during the Food lockage:
As CAWC understand from focus group discussion data and observation most of the people didn’t have enough food with good quality so what will be their mechanism to cope at least for the next 3 months, it’s a very big concern for child, elders and pregnant women beside of hungry people will face into malnutrition and another human disease. So people have the below mechanism
| Male | Female |
| · The Household will give pledge their land and home if anyone gives, at a low price
· Sale accommodations at a low price · Households have plan to Sale animals but now no one buys. · Displace into big cities, Iran, Pakistan · wait for humanitarian assistance · Request from NGOs to support · households borrow if possible and available in the village |
· will Sale their animals now no one didn’t buy
· Displace into big cities, Iran, Pakistan · wait for humanitarian assistance · Request form NGOs to support |
Drinking water Source:
Through the focus group discussions and CAWC observation see the water source become dry and less and also water is not clean for drinking, face women, child, pregnant women into different challenges for collecting of water and to store due to drought the distance of source is far it makes harder in the winter people will face into different disease as female mention child become diarrhea.
priorities for the needs of the household:
as CAWC filed team observe and analyzed the focus group discussions data household are not in appropriate condition to continue their life. Household enlist the below three most need to receive
| Male | Female |
| · Basic food items like flour, oil, salt, bean, sugar
· Tools or heater like Bukhari or blanket · Fuel for heaters |
· Basic food items like flour, oil, salt, bean, sugar
· Train local women the midwife issues to support local women · Lack of Medicine in clinic and drugstore. |
Methods of Assistant:
People suggested that humanitarian organizations support assistance for the poor households would help personal needs in cash due to below reasons.
| Male | Female |
| · Cash
o People are able to purchase their needs with good quality and amounts of needs o Transfer of cash is easy and safer |
· cash
o People are able to purchase their needs with good quality o Transfer of cash is easy
|
Participants Feedback: at the end of sessions CAWC asks people to talk generally about their economy, geographical area, transportation way, livestock because we may not note all of their situations so below were the discussions.
Geographical information?
- Maidan Wardak and Daikundi have long winter about 7 months under snow with a very cold and dry climate
- due to the long winter people are not able to work to provide enough food
Transportation way?
- During the winter road are close, people didn’t have access to the market
Agriculture?
- In 2021 drought had a very bad effect on agriculture also source become dry, the crops decrease and people are not familiar with agriculture techniques to increase the crops and harvest also treat the diseases. The water source becomes dry.
Pregnant women?
Pregnant women are more affected and face challenges due to the below reason
- Hard work to provide water and food
- Didn’t know to be careful when they are pregnant before and after childbirth
- Unavailability of the midwife in the health clinic
- Clinic is very far it’s dangerous for women and child
- Lack of medicine
- Didn’t have access to nutrition food before and after childbirth
FLOOD:
- damage the street closed the transportation way during the summer
- dry the trees
- dry the agricultural crops
- damage the irrigated and rain-fed wheat land
- damage the home
AVALANCHE: - damage the street closed the transportation way
- broke the trees
- damage the irrigated land and rain fed wheat land
damage the home
